Tourism Product in Ambleside Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tourism Product in Ambleside - Research Proposal Example Differences in attitudes have been examined according to degree of tourism development (Long, Perdue and Allen 1990), level of an individual's involvement in the tourism industry (Smith and Krannich 1998), maturity of destination (Sheldon and Abenoja 2001), type of tourism development in both the U.S. and abroad (Carlsen, 1999; Ryan and Montgomery 1998), and specific to one major event (Wall 1990). A number of small-scale studies have been conducted utilizing research from one to a few immunities (Andressen and Murphy 1986), but until recently there has been little research that examines a wide range of communities located within close proximity of each other in aggregate (Indirect and Vogt 2000). This study examined the attitudes toward tourism of residents in a dozen communities in Arizona, generally following the model developed by Perdue, Long, and Allen (1990) as part of their studies. . The research utilized social exchange theory as a foundation to formulate three research questions: 3) what variables contributed to support for tourism planning. ... 2) did the extent to which one benefited personally from tourism development impact perceived positive impacts of tourism, perceived negative impacts of tourism and support for additional tourism; and did the extent to which one benefited personally from tourism development, perceived positive impacts of tourism, and perceived negative impacts of tourism affect support for additional tourism; and 3) what variables contributed to support for tourism planning. The attitudes of that the residents hold towards tourism and perceptions of its impact on community life must be continually accessed.". (Allen et al. 1988) Methodology: Part Two: It has been established that the objective for this study is to obtain in-depth perceptions of tourism on the residents of Ambleside Lake District because the success of tourism depends upon the perceptions of the residents. The best methodology to meet these objectives is that primary data collection will be collected in the form of a Postal questionnaire of around 100 applicants from the Amber Side Lake district. Mail surveys are a cost effective method of gathering information. (Kaiser and Helber 1978) They cost a little less than telephone interviews, however, they take over twice as long to complete (eight to twelve weeks)." Because there is no interviewer, there is no possibility of interviewer bias. The main disadvantage is the inability to probe respondents for more detailed information.' (Kelly 1992 p 51) Although Email questionnaires are an option it has been decided that this method will not be used. The reason is Email and internet surveys are relatively new and little is known about the effect of sampling bias

Slides Marketing Presentation Starbucks Essay Example for Free

Slides Marketing Presentation Starbucks Essay You should know this, because you are all part of the target group of starbucks. The target group of starbucks are young urban adults (approximately 18-45 year olds) coffee consumers in the capital area. This targeting would concentrate on consumers that value spending time in coffee stores that offer a relaxing and comfortable atmosphere. They are not only interested in grabbing a cup of coffee but also would like to enjoy the Starbucks experience. For this they would be willing to spend a little over the average price for specialty coffees. Therefore the target segment would mainly concern young adults (approximately 18-45 year olds) that have regular incomes. Marketing should be focused on reaching youth customers with varying tastes and interests. Starbucks strives to provide excellent service and along with its large variety of products the comfortable atmosphere that Starbucks’ stores have, also offers young adults the chance to sit down and relax if they wish. The lifestyle of urban young adults is also typically fairly hectic, which suits Starbucks’ coffee-to-go culture. Slide 3: As we know it is more expensive to attract new customers than it is to retain current ones. Starbucks knows this and this fact confirms it. How do they do this? We’ll get into this during the presentation. Slide 15: One of the principles of Starbucks is to recognize that profitability is essential to their future success. They want to achieve this goal, by reinventing its food menu. The assumption is that its loyal fans are willing to pay top-dollar for a cup of coffee, so they must be able to afford a snack or lunch on the side. Food contributed about 22% of Starbucks’s same-store sales growth in the U.S. in the latest quarter, with the help of new items like salad bowls. The company is focusing on productivity through new products and a very important expansion through the grocery channel, where they are making great strides with K-Cups and other products that give their brand a presence in consumers’ homes. So basically, their goal in the future is to achieve a bigger market share worldwide and create a bigger profitability.

Strategic Audit Of Carnival Corporation

Strategic Audit Of Carnival Corporation Carnival Corporation plc is a global cruise company, with a portfolio of 12 brands. It is one of the leading cruise operators in both North America and Europe. The company primarily operates in the US, the UK, Continental Europe and Canada. The company recorded revenues of $11,839 million during the fiscal year ended November 2006, an increase of 6.7% over 2005. The operating profit of the company was $2,613 million during fiscal year 2006, a decrease of 1% as compared to 2005. The net profit was $2,279 million in fiscal year 2006, an increase of 1.2% over 2005. Carnivals mission statements reads, Our mission is to deliver exceptional vacation experiences through the worlds best-known cruise brands that cater to a variety of different lifestyles and budgets, all at an outstanding value unrivaled on land or at sea. To be the leading cruise operator in all segments entered and to maintain the most up-to-date fleet of cruise ships in the world To develop new cruise segments and innovative cruise packages to reach a larger number of potential and past cruisers Employ sophisticated promotional efforts to achieve a greater awareness by the public concerning the availability and affordability of cruise travel Attract the first-time and younger cruisers (Carnival), experienced cruisers (Holland America), upscale cruisers (Seaborne), and cruisers wanting a sailing vacation (Windstar) Promote cruises as an alternative to land-based vacations Provide a variety of activities as well as ports of call Be innovative in all respects of operations of the ship 3. Strategies: Global growth through concentric diversification via acquisition of cruise lines and building new ships, particularly in the Asia and European markets. High quality of the service towards the customer resulting in high customer satisfaction, leading to new and repeat customers. Economies of scale by increasing the size of the company resulting in the lowest break-even point in the cruise industry. Horizontal growth financed through internal funds. 4. Policies: Sophisticated promotional efforts to gain loyalty from former customers and new customers Remodel its ships, varying offered activities, and being innovative through RD in all aspects of ship operations. Strategic Managers Board of Directors Although information is not available about most of the board members, we do know that at least two members of top management are also insiders on the Board: Micky Arison (Chairman of the Board) and Howard Frank (Vice Chairman). The stock of Carnival Corporation is publicly traded and at least 20% of privately held stock of the Arison family has been sold to fund expansion. Arison probably controls the board. Top Management Members of top management are as follows: Micky Arison, Chairman, CEO, (Carnival Corporation) Robert Dickinson, President and COO (Carnival Cruise Lines) Kirk Lanterman, President and CEO (Holland America Lines) Howard Frank, Vice Chairman and COO (Carnival Corporation) Gerald Cahill, Senior VP Finance and CFO (Carnival Corporation) Lowell Zemnick, VP Treasurer (Carnival Corporation) Peter T. McHugh, President and COO (Holland America Lines) Meshulam Zonis, Senior VP of Operations (Carnival Corporation) Carnival Corporation is a family tradition passed down from Ted Arison (founder) to his son Micky (current CEO and Chairman). Micky Arison and Bob Dickinson seem to be the main driving force behind strategic decisions in the company. III. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT (EFAS Table; see Exhibit 1) A. Natural Environment Environmental groups Stringent regulations on ships Environmental and health and safety regulations Could increase costs of compliance Instituted Safety and Environment position EPA studies on waste water Annual award program Financially supporting ocean conservation groups B. Societal Environment 1. Economic Unstable economy 2. Technological Computer and information technology extremely important 3. Political-Legal Increased regulations are issued by the Coast Guard, U.S. Department of Health and Federal Maritime Commission. 4. Sociocultural: Growth is slowing in the cruise travel industry (2% from 1991 1995). It is also estimated that only 5-7% of the North American market has ever taken a cruise. Two-income families have more disposable income to apply towards vacations. The aging of America means more potential customers for the Holland America Line, which serves an older, more established clientele. Increased emphasis on family vacations and a growing family cruise segment. Periodic political tensions which occur in cruise an area (such as the Mideast or Mediterranean) causes cruise competition to intensify in safe waters until the tensions cease. B. Task Environment Threat of new entrants is low, given the recent rash of cruise line failures, mergers, and buyouts. The competitive nature of the industry makes it unattractive to enter, and high start-up costs serve as a barrier to entry. Rivalry between competitors is high, with six major competitors (including Princess and Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines) and eight minor competitors. With berth capacity increasing, rivalry may grow more intense if demand doesnt rebound. Bargaining power of suppliers (shipbuilders) is moderate since shipbuilding is a very money- and time-intensive process. If a shipbuilder cant deliver on a contract, Carnival cant easily obtain a replacement ship. Bargaining power of customers may grow in the future due to the combination of increased berth capacity and decreased demand. The combination of these factors would lead cruise operators to offer deep discounts, and customers would have more affordable options in choosing the cruise they want. Threat of substitutes is escalating with the introduction of all-inclusive combination cruise/land packages such as Disneys Big Red Boat vacations. Other stakeholders such as the American Maritime Union pose a threat, with their continued charges against Carnival (and other operators) concerning exploitation of cruise employees. IV. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT (IFAS see Exhibit 2) A. Corporate Structure Carnival Corporation serves major market segments through Carnival, Holland America, and Seaborne (joint venture). Decision-making is centralized, with top management and the Board of Directors controlling all strategic decisions. The corporation attempts to reduce routine decision-making by standardizing shipboard operations when possible. B. Corporate Culture Carnival Corporations culture seems to internalize the concept of providing guests with the highest service standards while keeping a firm grip on operating costs. There is significant corporate pride regarding Carnivals position as the leader and innovator in the cruise industry. C. Corporate Resources 1. Marketing Carnival Corporations main marketing objective is to hold on to its 44% market share in the cruise industry. It plans to retain the leadership position through aggressive promotional campaigns by gaining loyalty from former cruisers and by being innovative in shipboard activities and operations. Carnivals cruise product is well-defined and positioned to serve three major markets: contemporary, premium, and luxury. Carnival Cruise Lines (contemporary) targets young and first-time cruisers with moderately priced packages which include airfare and a variety of shipboard amenities. Prices are competitive with those of other similar cruise and land-based packages. The Fun Ship cruise theme markets the ship itself as the primary vacation destination, with ports-of-call being of secondary importance. Holland America Lines (premium) is positioned to attract higher income travelers with cruise prices averaging 25-35% higher than Carnival Cruises. HAL serves an older, more established clientele. Carnival provides additional vacation opportunities through Westmark Hotels, Westours, Gray Line Tours, and the McKinley Explorer railroad coaches in Alaska. These auxiliary tours and hotels are marketed primarily to satisfy growing demand for Alaskan land vacations in conjunction with Carnivals Alaskan cruises. Seaborne serves the luxury market with South American, Mediterranean, Southeast Asian, and Baltic cruise destinations. Seaborne serves very wealthy clientele with worldwide cruises up to 98 days duration. Windstar Sail Cruises serves a specialty cruise niche with ships that have small capacity (fewer than 150 guests) and can approach smaller, less traveled ports-of-call. Carnival Corp. was the first cruise operator to advertise on television. Carnival books 99% of its cruises through travel agents and has implemented an incentive program to reward travel agents who suggest a Carnival cruise before other vacations. 2. Finance Currently Carnival Corporations primary financial consideration is the control of costs in order to maintain a healthy profit margin (greater than 20%). Another main concern is the current expansion plan funded by internal growth. The financial ratios show several areas that need to be addressed in the company. Carnival has very low liquid assets, as evidenced by the low current and quick ratio, and has negative working capital, which may cause creditors to doubt whether Carnival can meet its current obligations. Overall, the liquidity of the company is very poor but may be common to the industry since so much money is tied up in the fixed assets portion of the balance sheets. In other areas, Carnival is doing much better with a profit margin of 22%, ROI of 11%, and ROE of 19%. The company isnt overburdened by debt and has two revolving credit agreements for a total of $1 billion, $815 million of which is still available for the refurbishing and building of ships. In the past five years the corporation has experienced losses due to the discontinuation of the Fiestamarina Line and two of its hotels. Carnival recently purchased $101 million of secured notes issued by Kloster Cruise Lid. (Norwegian Cruise Lines). Kloster has experienced financial difficulties, and if the company fails, Carnival will be in position to claim a portion of Klosters assets. A financial strength of Carnival Corp. is that it is registered as a Controlled Foreign Corporation and thus is exempt from U.S. Federal income taxes at the corporate level. 3. Research and Development Carnival relies on RD on the part of its shipbuilders to produce faster, more fuel efficient, technologically advanced ships. Carnival also uses service RD to implement and improve shipboard entertainment and activities to serve the disparate needs of the three market segments they serve. 4. Operations Main operations consist of the twelve cruise lines and the auxiliary tours and hotels mentioned in the analysis of marketing. The company expects to take delivery of ten new ships (including several superliners) in the next four years; seven for the Carnival Line, two for the Holland America Line, and one for Windstar. These ships will result in a 20,484 passenger increase over Carnival Corp.s current capacity and cost $3.3 billion. This expansion will enable Carnival to stay competitive with its rivals, who are also expanding, but if future demand remains depressed, the extra capacity could negatively affect future profitability. The major strength of Carnivals operations is that they are very efficient; it has the lowest break-even point of any organization in the cruise industry. It has also been able to achieve significant economies of scale by standardizing layout and shipboard operations on its ships. Carnivals fixed costs make up 33% of the companys operating expenses, and they cant be reduced in proportion to decreases in passenger loads and revenues. Major variable costs as a percent of operating expense are as follows: airfare (25-30%), travel agent fees (10%), and labor (13-15%). Shipboard operations are very labor-intensive, which results in high labor costs. Carnival Corporations cruises are also subject to general threats in the environment such as political conflicts and natural disasters in areas where they cruise. Human Resource Management Cruises are labor-intensive, requiring extensive screening and hiring of employees. Employees work on contracts of 3-9 months and are recruited mostly from third-world countries. Carnival has employees from 51 nations Carnival has been cited by the American Maritime Union for exploitation of employees, but the average employment period is approximately eight years, and supply exceeds demand for all cruise employee positions. Information Systems Although it is not mentioned in the case, Carnival Corporations information system is assumed to be quite extensive, in order to record passenger reservations taken from hundreds of travel agents and to orchestrate the daily operations of this large company. The information system also appears to give very detailed breakdowns of expenses between cruise divisions and within cost categories. Analysis of Strategic Factors Situational Analysis (SWOT) (SFAS Matrix; see Exhibit 3) 1. Strengths Largest cruise operator Strong brand portfolio Strong geographic presence 2. Weakness High debt burden in FY 2006 3. Opportunities Expansion of cruise operations growing travel and tourism in China reopening of cruise centers 4. Threats Economic slowdown in the US Increased minimum wages in the US Intense Competition VI. Strategic Alternatives and Recommended Strategy A. Strategic Alternatives 1. Growth Strategies: Move more aggressively into the family cruise market segment. Pros: Taps a new, growing market with fewer competitors than the traditional cruise industry. It allows alternate use of ships that arent being used if future demand remains depressed. This strategy allows Carnival to keep ahead of its competitors, and the companys low break-even point puts it at an advantage over competitors who are pursuing a similar expansion plan. Pursuing moderate expansion allows Carnival to maintain its position as the market leader. This seems to be the strategy that the company wants to pursue, and management has been successful in bucking negative industry trends in the past. Cons: This strategy requires a new way of thinking to be successful in satisfying family needs. In addition, a lower price may be necessary to attract families who are looking for affordable vacations. Competitor Disney is a major force in the vacation industry. If demand doesnt rebound, the industry may face price wars and deep discounts. This effect will be compounded by Carnivals inability to cut fixed costs in the face of decreasing demand, and profitability may be sharply reduced. 2. Pause Strategy: Considering the possibility of decreased demand and the uncertainty of future demand, it may be prudent to delay contracting for any additional ships until it is apparent whether cruise demand will rebound. Pros: The company wouldnt be tying up capital in additional ships when demand may not merit it. This would allow the company to concentrate on refining its current operations and marketing strategy. It may also lead to an improvement in the liquidity ratios. Cons: If demand does rebound and Carnival hasnt ordered additional ships, there will be a time lag until it receives new ships. In addition, if Carnivals competitors continue expansion, then the company runs the risk of losing its leadership position in the industry. 3. Retrenchment Strategy: Carnival currently isnt in a position where retrenchment is recommended. However, if demand doesnt rebound, retrenchment could become a necessity in the future. B. Recommended Strategy Recommend that the company continue to pursue its current growth plan. This strategy allows Carnival to stay current with its competitors. If demand remains depressed in future years, there will still be ample time for Carnival to reassess its corporate strategy as long as they dont delay indefinitely. IMPLEMENTATION The recommended strategy doesnt require any extensive changes in current programs. Top management should closely monitor the industry and general economic trends to determine whether demand will rebound as expected. If not, management should formulate alternate strategies that adjust to these conditions. EVALUATION CONTROL Carnivals management needs to address the poor state of the companys working capital and current ratio. These are of concern since a low current ratio may cause the company to default on certain debt covenants. However, the state of the working capital and current ratio may be normal when compared with industry standards, since a large portion of the balance sheet assets is concentrated in fixed assets. The companys information systems are sufficient to evaluate the performance of the recommended strategy and to separate costs associated with the expansion. Carefully monitors future demand and makes necessary adjustments, I think it is in a good position to maintain its leadership position in the industry and continue to be financially successful. IX. EFAS, IFAS, and SFAS EXHIBITS Exhibit 1 EFAS (External Factor Analysis Summary) Key External Factors Weight Rating Weighted Score Comments Opportunities Only 5-7% of N. American market has cruised .12 5 .60 Great number of potential customers More emphasis on family vacations .08 3 .24 Developing market segment Two-income family more disposable income .08 3 .24 Cruises are an option Changing industry .13 4 .42 Threats 000000.0000 00000 Slowing growth in the cruise industry .10 5 .50 2% in 1991-1995 Very competitive industry .20 4 .80 Six major competitors Demographic changes .08 4 .32 Aging population Strong economic conditions .15 5 .75 Threat of substitutes .06 3 .18 air, car TOTAL SCORES 1.00 4.05 IX. IFAS, EFAS, and SFAS EXHIBITS Exhibit 2 IFAS (Internal Factor Analysis Summary) Key Internal Factors Weight Rating Weighted Score Comments New larger ships .05 4 .20 Future over capacity 104% capacity .10 4 .50 #1 Fun Ship cruise theme .05 4 .20 Effective Clients only tap 5% .05 4 .20 Hard to get rest Strong management team .15 5 .75 Best in industry Marketing/travel agents .12 5 .60 strong team Corporate culture .10 5 .50 Strong Acquisitions concentric diversification .14 4 .56 Great acquisition HRM exploiting employees .05 4 .20 Stay 8 years Financially strong .10 4 .40 Low B/E and cash for new ships Market share 26% .10 5 .50 #1 Healthy profit margins .04 4 .16 TOTAL SCORES 1.05 4.77 IX. SFAS, EFAS, and IFAS EXHIBITS Exhibit 3 SFAS (Strategic Factor Analysis Summary) Key Strategic Factors Weight Rating Weighted Score Duration S I L Comments Only 5-7% of Americans have taken a cruise .15 4 .60 X Potential customers Growing family vacation market segment .10 3 .30 X Potential customers Very competitive industry .15 4 .60 X Six competitors Escalating threat of substitutes .10 3 .30 X Disney 26% market share .15 5 .75 X Industry leader Lowest break-even point .15 4 .60 X Efficient High fixed costs .10 4 .40 X Standardization Poor liquidity ratios .10 2 .20 X Cash-poor TOTAL SCORES 1.00 3.75

Comparing Heart of Darkness and A Separate Peace :: comparison compare contrast essays

Heart of Darkness and A Separate Peace There are many similarities between the books The Heart of Darkness and A Separate Peace. Most are between the two main characters' friends and how they deal with their situations and problems. The similarities between the two characters are their leadership skills, their expertise, and how their friends affect them. Mr. Kurtz and Finny both have incredible leadership skills. Finny is able to persuade Gene to do practically anything he wants him to do which in the end is his downfall since he convinces Gene to climb the tree with him and do a double jump. He also shows his leadership skills when he gathers a lot of the students and teaches them a new game that is fitted perfectly to his physical abilities. Mr. Kurtz showed these skills when he had the courage to go into the cillages of cannibals and convince them to give him their ivory or to tell them where they knew there was some. He also saved Marlow and his crew's lives when he commanded the natives to stop firing at their steamboat. "Kurtz got the tribe to follow him, did he?" I suggested. He fidgeted a little. "They adored him," he said." At the drop of his finger, he could have had the natives attack Marlow and his crew and kill them. While Mr. Kurtz and Finny are both alive, they are extremely good at what they do. Before his accident, Finney is the most athletic student at his school. After the accident, he tries to help Fene to become more athletic. His dream is for Finny to make the Olympics instead of him. Mr. Kurtz worked for a company that found ivory and then sold it to the public. "The he began again, assuring me Mr. Kurtz was the best agent he had, an exceptional man." Mr. Kurtz also brought back the most ivory then any other employee; "Sends in as much ivory as all the others put together." Both Mr. Kurtz and Finny had friends that had something to do with their deaths. In Finny's case, his friend Gene accidently jarred him off the tree branch that caused him to break his leg. When Finny got a brace on his leg, he tripped and broke it again, but when the doctor tried to mend it, bone marrow escaped and instantly killed him when it reached his heart.

French and Indian War DBQ Revise Essay

In the course of years through 1754-1763 the British were engaged in a war with their rival French. The conflict was known as the French and Indian War. It started when the colonies could not shift west, and the British trying to settle in the Ohio Valley and the French did not want them to expand. It was played entirely in North America with the colonials on the British side. The conflicts between French and the British would cause a drastic change in the colonial-British relationship. It would alter the political, economic, and philosophical relations. The political aspect would change when the British would start taxing the colonies to pay of debt accumulated by the war. Just like James Ottis said, â€Å"No taxation without representation,† The colonies agree with the statement and believed they had the right to be represented. If they had representation, it would have been virtual, instead of direct. With direct representation the colonies would be able to overpower the go vernment and vote for someone with their interests. The colonists though during this time were not use to the British paying so much attention, because Salutary Neglect happened before the war. This was when they loosely enforced the laws on the colonists. Other then the British now enforcing laws, the colonists also did not appreciate when they declared the Proclamation of 1763. Canassatego, chief said, â€Å"We must insist on your removing them†¦Ã¢â‚¬  They set the proclamation to keep the Indians happy. This helped prevent another uproar like Pontiacs Rebellion, and also did not allow colonists to move westward. Also, during the war to keep the Iroquois Indians pleased, Franklin called the Albany Congress into plan. The economical piece also differed during the war. In the war, the British collected a great amount of debt. They believed that the colonials should be taxed to help pay off this debt. The British order in council said, â€Å"Not only is revenue impaired, but the commerce of colonies diverted for its natural course† (Doc F). They also believed in mercantilism, were they exported more than imported. By doing this they lost money and supplies, while benefiting the mother country. To repair money situations, the Navigation Acts were enforced to start generating revenue. After the Navigation Acts were enforced, the first act declared to raise money came to power. It was known as the Stamp Act. In Document H, â€Å"The TIMES are Dreadful, Doleful, Dismal, Dolorous, and DOLLAR-LESS† (Newspaper Masthead). This was proof of the colonies hatred to the stamp tax. The stamp act was like sales tax, where all merchandise purchased must be stamped. In the letter to John Huges from Benjamin Franklin, â€Å"Undertaking to execute it may make you unpopular for a time† (Doc G). The act by the British was unpopular with the colonist, because they did not want to help by paying the debt. Along with economics, the philosophical stance of America toward the British changed as well. At the end of the war colonists were feeling powerful and more independent minded. The French were no longer a threat and they had the desire to expand westward. The British on the other hand thought of the colonies in a whole different way. They believed they were laze and backwards. George Washington, â€Å"I wish earnestly to attain some knowledge of the military profession† (Doc C). George Washington worked with Braddock with the British and even ending the war his views started to change. With the average age being sixteen and doubling every twenty-five years the British would not allow the colonies direct vote. They could not let, because with the French out of the way the colonies could now take over with their population growing rapidly. With the population growing they wanted to expand west, but the Proclamation of 1763 would not permit it. Also now much of the land had shifted to the Spanish, with the French gone, as displayed in document A. The colonies believed they were being treated unfairly. In Massachusetts Soldier’s diary, â€Å"Who are but little better than slaves to their officers† (Doc D). The British wee cruel to them and this put an enormous impact on their relations. The political, economic, and philosophical relations of the British-colonial ship would be differed for the future to come. The relationship was strained, because of taxes needed to repay war debt, and not being represented for it. To have the claim over the river valley, but try to keep the Indians within their trust. They were there to please themselves and In the end the French lost almost all of the North American land that went to the Spanish. These conflicts led to the North American war called the French and Indian War, and later a greater conflict around the world as the seven years war.

Bronchitis Essays - RTT, Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases

Bronchitis Essays - RTT, Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases Bronchitis Bronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchi. It may develop suddenly, following a head cold (acute bronchitis), or it may persist or return regularly for many years, causing progressive degeneration of the bronchi and lungs (chronic bronchitis). Certain people are more susceptible than others; Men are more of a target to bronchitis than women, out numbering them 10 to 1 cc the reasons are unclear. Of course smokers are 50 times more likely to get chronic bronchitis than noncsmokers. Acute bronchitis is a bacteria or virus infection, often following a cold smoking. People who have acute bronchitis usually have a mild fever, soreness under breast bone, irritated by coughing. First they have a dry cough then the cough later brings up green and yellow mucus. The cough may persist to 4 to 6 weeks. Chronic bronchitis is produced by other chronic problem: sinusitis, smoking, TB, etc. The Bronchi becomes thick, inelastic, and accumulate mucus and pus in lower part of lungs instead of bringing discharges up and out. The result is chronic cough, shortness of breath, sometimes spasm, and frequent infection. In acute bronchitis, the basic symptoms are a head cold, fever and chills, running nose, aching muscles and possibly back pains. This is soon followed by the obvious persistent cough. At first the cough is dry and racking and eventually becomes phlegmy. The persistent cough is worse at night than during the day, and when the person breathes in smoke and fumes. The main symptoms most recognized in chronic bronchitis is, again, a cough, with sputum, often occurring in paroxysms. Other symptoms in chronic bronchitis are dependant on how much, or how little, emphysema is present. This disorder causes the lungs to become overstretched, making the breathing process difficult. The chronic bronchitic with no emphysema tends to be overweight and often has a bluish tinge to his or her lips due to lack of oxygen. Shortness of breath only occurs during exercise and other strenuous activity. The bronchitic with a great deal of emphysema, who has lost a lot of his or her oxygen cc exchanging ability, due to the condition, is short of breath at all times. The bronchitic with emphysema very often are underweight and, as the disease comes worse, develops a barrel chest. The Chronic bronchitic also wheezes because of the obstruction. NOTE: Emphysema is a state of overdistention of the tiny air-containing sacs of the lung. The cause of bronchitis are from viral or bacterial infections which spreads to the chest. The body uses defence mechanisms to try to prevent the viruses and bacterias from spreading the infections. Examples of defence mechanisms are sneezing, coughing, etc. There are also white blood cells to help us the fight off the bacterias and viruses. However if new viruses and bacterias enters our body then the white blood cells will have to take some time to recognize the new viruses and bacterias. Fortunately, a different kind of white blood cells try to fight off the bacterias and viruses as much as they can but unfortunately as they are doing that, they are releasing other chemicals. The chemicals enter the tissue that surrounds the trachea (see page 5 cc diagram 1) and they begin to expand and swell up. As they expand, they squeeze the trachea (see pg 5 cc diagram 2). As a result, less air can pass through the trachea causing a short of breath. Generally, bronchitis occurs with greater frequency in winter, in damp, cold climates, and in heavy polluted environments. The best treatment for acute bronchitis is bed rest in a warm room. Cough medicines will relieve the cough and aspirin will reduce the fever. Acute bronchitis that is viral usually runs it's course without medication. A proper diet and avoidance of additional irritants such as smoking are recommended. Steam inhalations is helpful in eliminating congestive mucus. Antibiotics may be needed if the cause is bacteria. Treatment of chronic bronchitis is more difficult. The patients lungs are already damaged and the destruction of the airways are not easily renewed. Bronchial dilator drugs may be given to the patient to relieve any such obstruction, while physiotherapy will help the patient get rid of any sputum. Yoga and breathing exercises may help shortness of breath. In severe cases, urgent hospital treatment may be required. Oxygen may have to be given through the course of the illness. Postal drainage can also be tried. This is when the patient lies on a bed, a large cushion raising the groin, and smaller pillows supporting the chest. Tapping the chest in this position causes the patient to

How culture affects domestic violence in uk Essays

How culture affects domestic violence in uk Essays How culture affects domestic violence in uk Essay How culture affects domestic violence in uk Essay The British Crime Survey ( BCS ) measuring of the civilization consequence on domestic force is different to the constabulary statistics harmonizing to the statistic. The civilization consequence on domestic force plays an of import function here. The purpose of my research is to specify how the civilization has an consequence of domestic force in UK amongst the white ethnicity. Over the last 3 old ages the Coventry Refugee Centre has changed my life I learnt excessively many things about the different civilization of many states. In UK domestic force is impacting adult females and kids lives. For many adult females place is where they face an abusive of relationship at custodies of person truly near to them. They suffer a long term of physical and psychological. They have nt got any opportunity to do their ain determination and voice their sentiments can non even protect them every bit good as their kids. This research seeks to find the different impact of cultural consequence on domestic force in adult females and kids in UK. It will besides measure the impact of domestic force towards the physical and mental wellness of adult females and kids in UK. Cardinal literature Domestic force otherwise known as fie whipping or confidant spouse force coexists with kid maltreatment about half the clip ( Hamel. J, Tonia L. Nicholls 2007 ) . Husbands who beat their married womans are much less likely to use for lasting abode for their undocumented married womans than hubbies who do non crush their married womans. Put obviously in-migration position appears to be another manner in which opprobrious hubbies control their married womans in the UK. Abusive hubbies frequently threaten their married womans with exile if they do non follow with the hubby s wants or if they threaten separation. Frequently undocumented abused married womans are afraid to collaborate with child protection governments for fright that their hubbies might revenge by turning them into in-migration governments. Womans who cooperate with probes of kid maltreatment and or domestic force have remarkably good entree to legal lasting residence but they are improbable to be cognizant of this. Batte red immigrant adult females face several hindrances to seeking protection and services. Including linguistic communication barriers, negative perceptual experiences of the jurisprudence enforcement and legal system, fright of exile, cultural and spiritual issues and favoritism ( Gabriel 1994 ) . When it comes to the civilization consequence on domestic force Uganda has the highest offense rates of domestic force, 41 % of adult females reported being beaten or physically harmed by their hubbies. This is because related to the economic factor every bit good as different life manners and civilization differences in Uganda. Harmonizing to the statistic the media has been considered one of many lending factors in domestic force. It has been criticized for its portraiture of force in films, telecasting and printed signifier ensuing in the desensitisation of people with respect to their tolerance of force. on the other manus the media has besides been used a modern communicating tool in increasing public consciousness of domestic force and increasing support for ongoing research, funding instruction and bar and intervention plans and support for betterment in the Torahs the condemnable justness system and the public policy. The impact of income inequality and societal construction may besides crate more domestic force to adult females s. Work force s unemployment or portion clip employment has been associated with increased rates of domestic force. ( Natalie, Sokoloff and Pratt 2005 ) Holocene survey found that unemployment was a important forecaster of force. That suggested that some work forces might comprehend employment as a critical constituent of their masculine individuality and resort to force as an attempt regain lost position. Some surveies report that in-between category Asiatic adult females are more likely to see domestic force than white in-between category adult females among some cultural and racial minority groups are attributable in portion to poorness. Some research has suggested that the disagreement between employment and income topographic points adult females at hazard. When adult females earn more than work forces or have a higher instruction making and employment accomplishments, many work forces feel psychologically threatened and some use force to confirm power in their relationship. Many immigrants coming to England to happen a better life to populate for themselves and for their kids but the barriers the immigrant face are truly enormous. New civilization that they face every bit good as linguistic communication barriers their hubbies take advantage of this and get down adumbrating their spouse s that their hubbies may describe their positions to the UK in-migrations service. Different states and civilizations may hold their ain values and attitudes toward a adult female topographic point household, matrimony, sex functions and divorce and adult females may non detect that the domestic force is against the jurisprudence they may non cognize that they have the legal option to stop the opprobrious relationship. Domestic force can happen in households from all cultural and cultural group and beliefs and intercession policies and patterns in handling beat-up adult females should suit their diverse cultural backgrounds. The British Crime Survey statistics shows that one in five adult females has experienced domestic force in their life style and many of these adult females ended their relationship because of opprobrious relationship. . Harmonizing to the study shows that adult female chose to remain in opprobrious relationship because of fright if the adult females efforts to go forth they will be tracked down and crush or killed because of this the most adult females think that any prison clip would be impermanent and the subsequent and effects even worse. Methodology My research attack will reflect a subjectivism I believe this position is most appropriate for my probe because people got their ain thoughts and it will be in subjectivism manner the consequence that I will acquire in the terminal it will non be based on one interview. My methodological analysis will be based on interviews, qualitative, subjectivism and interpretivism. Every interview that I will make will hold different position and different thoughts in it. I will be covering with human instead than stuffs and in order to complete my thesis and I have to understand the behavior of the adult females s with different civilization and belief and faith e.g. As I spent of my two old ages at the Coventry Refugee Centre as an Interpreter and Case worker this gave a good cognition about diverse people and I understand their sentiments and feelings. It will be easier for me to make my interview by utilizing my experience in the yesteryear. The secondary day of the month will be used from books, articles to update my literature reappraisal to hold the best cognition and to apprehension of the general theory facet on civilization consequence on domestic force. I will besides acquire some aid from the Coventry Refugee Centre by traveling on their web sites and speak to them face to confront when needed. This secondary day of the month will assist me to planing the interview inquiries in order to acquire the best replies. For my research I will besides make face to confront semi structured interview to understand the consequence of civilization on domestic force. I will besides utilize internet hunt for this hunt. I have applied for the victim support to work for them without acquiring any paid and hopefully this work arrangement will give me more about the victim of domestic force in order to complete my thesis. I will make some interprevisim to measure the domestic force this will supply me a good feedback about the domestic force and the trust in the constabulary and Criminal Justice System. These inquirers will supply me some quantitative day of the month in order to acquire the best possible replies these inquirers will given to the random adult females s. Qualitative consequence from interview I will utilize them in a two different ways foremost I have to compare it to the secondary information which is ( theory ) secondly to the questionnaire consequences ( pattern ) will analyze the peoples vi ew on domestic force. Consequences that taken from the interviews will be qualitative and these statistics will give me an chance analyses the consequences in order to make some charts, graphs and pies. As I worked as an translator and instance worker at the Coventry Refugee Centre it is easy for me to entree into the Centre and acquire the support that I need. I chosen my participant through my experience topographic point because my subject is based on civilization consequence on domestic force there are many adult females been victim of domestic force in their place states. I will hopefully make my interview at the Refugee Centre everything will be confidential and no 1 will be allowed to see it. However there are some troubles to make this interview. I will seek to set up an translator for them in order to complete my research proposal. Cultural issues A different illustration is research on domestic force for illustration interviews with those who haven abused to find the effects of such force or studies of how often such episodes take topographic point ( hubbies being violent to their married womans or kids and married womans being opprobrious towards their hubbies ) . Research on domestic force probe subject that are private and nerve-racking and because of this have the possible to do farther hurting injury to individual who are already sing maltreatment. It may besides expose implying information and expose single to put on the line. Therefore I need to be to the full prepared to cover with the likely effects of the research for illustration the effects on participants on their households on the researches themselves ( conductivity such research may be straitening ) and on the deductions of the research for statute law. Another illustration of a sensitive issue the false memory and cured memory argument over the past 20 old ages the celebrated memory psychologist Elizabeth Loftus has written about the cogency of cured memories of childhood maltreatment. These memories normally come to visible radiation merely after curative Sessionss with people who use techniques such as guided imagination to research early life experience. This domestic force research is socially sensitive because there are possible effects for people who have claimed to hold recovered memories and for their households. Therefore to finish my research some cultural regulations that I have to take into history and consideration in order to accomplish the best consequences. I will subscribe the moralss checklist and conformity signifier and will subscribe it will give it to my supervisor. And besides the inquiries that I will inquire during the interview have to O.K. by my coach. For each interview that I will inquire for a signed understanding as a cogent evidence for my research. Interview information may be confidential therefore I have to maintain this information and allow anyone else to see it. Then I will demo my questionnaire to my supervisor before I giving them out to the people. I will be covering with adult female with cultural positions, being sensitive to other civilizations is easier said than done. Cultural sensitiveness has nil to with the art and music of a civilization and about everything to make with regard, shared determination devising and effectual communicating. Too frequently researches ignore these values, the life manner and the cognitive and affectional universe of the topic. Contemplation I have learnt excessively many things about the research method and technique that are used in it. Having completed this research that based on civilization consequence on domestic force improved my statement accomplishments in a paper. Using and roll uping the information s and illustration of statistics my statements has become much better than what it used to be. And a reader will take my statements more earnestly. My researching accomplishments besides improved in a positive manner during this research proposal. In old researches for my survey I used to lodge on how to garner information but now I am able to utilize a mostly different of beginnings I can now understanding the subject more widely and it besides helps me to do a better statement. In my sentiment this research my best research paper that I dine in my life the class that I will acquire for it might non demo a good class but what I learned from it will profit for my hereafter researches. I spent approximately two yearss merely for making so existent research. It will be utile for the following twelvemonth when it come to the thesis by utilizing these new techniques that I have learnt from this research proposal my statements will hopefully more clearer and will be more evident. How to compose a research proposal will profit me in future lessons in my life from this position of benefit I will be able to give good illustrations about the subject that I do I will besides be able to give and make a better statement for research proposal. When you come to the decision for your research you than get down believing that you have achieved something that will be utile in future to back up your surveies. To make my thesis I have to remain focus on my chosen subject in order to finish it by utilizing different accomplishments that I have learned from this research proposal.

Dred scott vs. Sanford case essays

Dred scott vs. Sanford case essays The Dredd Scott vs. Sanford case is about a Missouri slave who sued his owner for his freedom. The case stirred because his former owner took Scott an army surgeon, by the name of Dr. Emerson. When sold to Sanford by his former the issue erupted on whether or not he was still a slave. Sanford argued that Scott is not a citizen of the Missouri territory because he is of African descent. Since Africans were brought over and sold as slaves, Sanford argues that Scott was never free. Scott is also accusing Sanford of assaulting his wife and children. Sanford justifies this by saying that he laid his hands on them and imprisoned them lawfully since they were slaves. The case would never have been seen or heard if in previous court history a decision was not declared, that state courts determined the status of Negroes who lived within their jurisdiction.(Norton p.391) The Supreme Court had only this precedent to follow. The court eventually ruled on the Missouri Compromise. The case was brought to court in May 1854 and Sanford was found guilty. The case appealed and the court reargued the decision in 1855 and the defendant was found not guilty. The Constitutional questions that arose were very controversial issues at the time like: Was a black person like Dredd Scott a citizen of the United States and was he eligible to sue in Federal court? Had residence in a free state or free territory made him free? Did congress have the power to prohibit slavery in a territory or to delegate that power to territorial legislature? The selection of the constitution that the Supreme Court revered to in its decision (I think) was Article III Section II. During the time this decision was made the Supreme Court was undergoing changes in the different branches of government. The Supreme Court justices were normally reluctant to inject themselves into political issues and it seemed likely that the court would st...

The Substance of Justice Assignment - Sex Offender Records

The Substance of Justice - Sex Offender Records - Assignment Example The sentence for this offence is highest among the penalties subjected to sex offenders. Indecency with a minor is another offence. It involves exposing an adult’s private parts in front of children. In addition, touching the genital of a person of the opposite sex without consent is a sex offence documented in the State department for public safety. Unfortunately, sex offences are mostly targeted at children. In the registry, most of the victims are under the age of 16. It is disturbing to note that male adults sexually harass children aged as low as 7 years. However, there are cases of male adults harassing elderly women with a sample case of an assault on a woman aged 71. The assaults on middle aged women are minimal. Sex offenders are deemed to be dangerous to the community. Actually, I wouldn’t feel safe living among sex offenders. However, taking into consideration the rights of each individual to live in a free country without discrimination lures me to rebel against the stigma that sex offenders are subjected to. Human being are prone to change if given a chance. The community should thus integrate them into the society and engage them if they desire to live normally (King 61). Sex offender records are damaging to the self-esteem and also the future of the convicts after parole. When records remain in the public domain, the offenders are prone to prejudice, and stigma from the public. Integration into the society seems hard to them due to the records. In this regard, the department of public safety should have the records of paroled individual erased if they pose no threat. The cause of the offence each individual committed should be the starting point in gauging the validity of the information in the database. Despite the proposition to erase the criminal records of individuals, there are records that are necessary for public safety. Paroled criminals who have a high chance of repeating the crime

Federal open market committee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Federal open market committee - Essay Example The Federal Open Market Committee plays a key role in setting the rates of interest on loans etc. that are available with banks and other lending institutions. In fact if we consider carefully, monetary and fiscal policy are the two ways in which the money supply and interest rates within an economy are controlled. This has impact on the rates of inflation, employment, job creation, productivity and a whole lot of other factors that form part of our financial and economic well being and affect the National Statistics and state of the economy. In this assignment we are going to take on the role of the Federal Open Market Committee and make a decision on short term interest rates for the USA. Discussion The term ‘Open Market Operations’ refers to the actions of the FOMC in directly controlling the money supply available with banks and indirectly by affecting the rates of interest and lending available with banks (Samuelson & Nordhaus, 2004). If the FOMC has decided to tigh ten monetary supply and credit expansion, it will sell securities in the open market at a higher rate, which have to be picked up by the banks. Using part of their money supply to achieve this objective, it leaves the banks with reduced capacity to give out loans. As the amount of lending has a connection with available reserves, a reduction in lending reserves would automatically put a dent in credit expansion and lending would dry up. So here the FOMC has managed to reduce credit expansion. On the other hand, if it was desired to increase the credit supply in the economy, the FOMC would work to buy securities from the open market and in doing so, give the banks funds which they could use for lending purposes. This would make lending easier and the economy would receive a boost by way of increased trade and investment opportunities. It is notable that Open Market Operations is only one tool at the disposal of the FOMC to control the money and credit available in an economy. Being a Banker to the Government, printer of US currency notes, Bankers Bank, increasing and decreasing the Reserve Ratio, and even applying moral persuasion are some of the ways in which the Federal Reserve seeks to exert a good measure of control on prices, productivity, inflation and employment in the USA (Samuelson & Nordhaus, 2004). Analysis of Current Economic Conditions Let us now move on to the actual statistics at the present time. The CPI as of May 2011 stands at 224.804. Prices have been rising slightly in recent years, as costs to produce goods and services have gone up. The GDP was 15018.1 for Q1 of 2011 and GNP was 15255.1 for the same period. This also registered a slight increase, which may be a combination of price and productivity factors. Total nonfarm private payroll employment stood at 108677 as of June 2011. The Industrial Production Index stood at 92.9815 as of May 2011. All of these figures show a slight increase, indicating that the economy is on the rebound. The I ndustrial Production of Durable Goods was recorded at 88.3948 as of May 2011 and Industrial Production of Final Goods (Market Group) was recorded at 94.6823 for the same period. Increase trends here mean that the economy is still recovering from the depression. The figure for Housing Starts of new privately owned housing units was 560 in May 2011 picking up slightly from 541 units the month before. Number of units authorized but not started hovers around 81. The housing market has been most affected by the depression and will take some time to pick up- at the moment we are seeing lackluster demand despite low interest rates. A lot of homeowners were burned in the last financial crisis. Real retail sales for consumer and food items stood at 172202 in May 2011 registering a drop from 172902 a month before. This means that consumer confidence is still lacking and people are still apprehensive about their next paycheck- consequently consumer spending has hardly picked

Can we identify a compound that could be added to spermatozoa in vitro Assignment - 1

Can we identify a compound that could be added to spermatozoa in vitro to enhance their motility - Assignment Example In particular, sperm motility is an important parameter because it indicates the integrity of the sperm tail and axoneme structures as well as the status of mitochondrial metabolic machinery (Saharkhiz et al., 2013). The World Health Organization uses a 40% cut off as the lower limit of progressive sperm motility. Although the exact cause of asthenospermia is not clear, there is growing evidence that it may arise due to hyper-viscosity of semen, varicoceles, autoimmunity of the sperm cell, and necrospermia resulting from immotile cilia (Kartagener) syndrome (Saharkhiz et al., 2013). Overall, reduced sperm motility indicates epididymal or testicular failure that can be caused by various factors. Currently, treatment of male infertility has focused mainly on the traditional in vitro fertilization (IVF) approach and newer interventions such as micro-epididymal sperm aspirations and microsurgical fertilization. However, these techniques are uncommon in andrological practice. Current research efforts in this area focus on the use of chemical stimulation of spermatozoa. A number of chemicals can stimulate sperm motility including the addition of compounds known to exhibit phosphodiesterase inhibition (PDEI) activity to enhance sperm motility in vitro without compromising sperm morphology and function. PDEIs are a class of related compounds such as pentoxifylline (PTX) that selectively catalyze the hydrolysis of 3’ phosphate bond in cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) phosphate or cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP). In one of the pioneering studies on in vitro stimulation of sperm motility, Shen (1991) demonstrated that Pentoxifylline (PTX) increases motility (velocit y) of ejaculated human spermertozoa both in in vitro aesthenozoospermic samples in oral therapy. Related studies have shown that PTX added in sperm suspensions increases sperm motion within 10 days with the motility characteristics persisting

Purpose of Article 234 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Purpose of Article 234 - Essay Example (3) Where any such question is raised in a case pending before a court or tribunal of a Member State, against whose decisions there is no judicial remedy under national law, that court or tribunal shall bring the matter before the Court of Justice. We can see that the European Court of Justice can only deliver preliminary rulings in certain circumstances and from a limited subset of organisations - namely courts and tribunals. Certain criteria must be fulfilled before a national court or tribunal can invoke Art 243. Closer examination of the provisions of the Art 234 leads us to ask the following questions: Article 249 makes it clear that a European Union Decision is 'binding in its entirety upon those to which it is addressed'. In this case the European Union Decision requires all member states to take necessary measures to ensure that pension schemes are equalised for male and female workers in order to eliminate any forms of discrimination based on gender. The Italian government has lead responsibility to make sure it is implemented. What is not clear on the facts before us is whether there is a question of Community law to be interpreted. The European Court of Justice will not hear any other matter. ... e the European Union Decision requires all member states to take necessary measures to ensure that pension schemes are equalised for male and female workers in order to eliminate any forms of discrimination based on gender. The Italian government has lead responsibility to make sure it is implemented. What is not clear on the facts before us is whether there is a question of Community law to be interpreted. The European Court of Justice will not hear any other matter. This is the only ground on which a national court or tribunal can request a preliminary ruling. If we refer back to Art 234(1) applicants must establish that they require a ruling which pertains to either the interpretation of the Treaty itself and or the interpretation and validity of an act by a European Community institution. With regard to Council statues, the statute itself must grant permission for preliminary hearings on the statue: Art 234(1) If there is no question of Community law to be interpreted then Maria will be denied her request for the Italian Medical Council to seek a preliminary ruling. The European Court of Justice has powers to neither interpret domestic law nor pass judgement on the compatibility of domestic law with European Community law: Van Gend en Loos (case 26/62). In Costa v ENEL (case 6/64) the European Court of Justice said: 'a decision should be given by the Court not upon the validity of an Italian law in relation to the Treaty, but only upon the interpretation of the above-mentioned [Treaty] Articles in the context of the points of law stated by the Giudice Conciliatore' The European Court of Justice also has no jurisdiction to rule on the application of Community law by national courts. Further it cannot invite national courts to refer matters to it: De

Farming Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Farming Methods - Essay Example Industrial agriculture is a form of agriculture, wherein the industrialized mode of working has created a great impact in the way this agriculture functions. It consists of the industrial production of poultry, crops and livestock, that enable the packaging of these products right onto the shelves of supermarkets! It involves a great deal of mechanisation and a more economic and consumer-oriented approach. This mode of agriculture also involves the implementation of genetic technology and other scientific methods to obtain the exact kind and quality of the agricultural output involved. This industry is inclusive of meat packaging, fisheries and poultry, besides cereal crops and other food grains. The living creatures that come as a part of this processing are literally abused and malpractice is imposed upon them, which raises numerous ethical concerns. The advantages of this type of agriculture is that, it provides cheap and huge quantity of output, especially with the desired quality and characteristics. We can lay our hands on dairy products, meat and other crops, in super markets and simply consume them without any further thought. However, it is a deterrent to the employment of a big labour force and also raises numerous questions, as far as its ethical aspect is concerned. Firstly, it raises the questions of animal ethics. Industrial agriculture undermines the natural freedom of animals and works against the innate way of how the animals' lifestyle functions. In fact, these animals are fed with artificial fodder and other antibiotics to produce the desired output. This is a great injustice to these creatures that cannot express their discomfort! In addition to this, the antibiotics and other artificial products used as animal fodder can indirectly cause a great deal of harm to humans who consume the end agricultural product. Therefore, it causes harm both ways! Next, it also contributes to the destruction of the environment and the ecological system, since industrial farms use immense amounts of fertilizers and other chemicals to enhance the quality of the agricultural output. They tend to cause an imbalance in the soil properties and the industrial effluents that emerge as waste products cause lot of harm to life forms in and around the region. These are some of the concerns that arise from the implementation of industrial agriculture. This form of agriculture is highly polluting and consists of derogatory practises of animal abuse. In addition to this, the end products, in the long run affect the human system adversely, due to the high amounts of toxins that get accumulated as a result of consumption. Some food for thought: Industrial agri

Process Managemant Facilitated the more Widespread Implementation of Essay

Process Managemant Facilitated the more Widespread Implementation of Information Systems within Business - Essay Example Today, process management more and more relies on a considerable extent on achieving success through the development of new IS. Process management facilitated implementation of IS within business to ensure that the processes generated by such developments is spread around the business as widely as possible to those who might put it to good use. The research paper is aimed to investigate the main driven theories, values and assumptions that are shaping a usage of IS in process management from 1990s to present, and examine the influence of process management on the degree of IS implementation within business. "Process management is the ensemble of activities of planning and monitoring the performance of a process, especially in the sense of business process, often confused with reengineering. Process Management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, techniques and systems to define, visualize, measure, control, report and improve processes with the goal to meet customers requirements profitably" (Wikipedia, 2005). Recent years process management implement Information Systems in order to improve quality of the processes and speed. With the changing economic environment, factors such as globalization of markets, international economic integration, removal of barriers to business and trade and increased competition have enhanced the need of high standards in process management. ... e in making or breaking the competitive positioning, and recent development in information technologies and software opens new opportunities for global organizations. Technology may be central to companies adopting a global strategy. "Information systems can be defined as" a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization. In addition to supporting decision making, coordination, and control, information systems may also help managers and workers analyze problems, visualize complex subjects, and create new products" (Boar, 1994). From process management perspective, an information system is an organizational and management solution, based on information technology, to a challenge posed by the environment. Examine this definition closely because it emphasizes the organizational and management nature of information systems: To understand information systems-to be information systems literate as opposed to computer literate-a manager must understand the broader organization, management, and information technology dimensions of systems and their power to provide solutions to challenges and problems in the business environment. With the development of technology and software in particular, IS allows to solve a wider range of problems and tasks by means of computers. In this case, process management software developed at the middle of 1990s helps to connect people in global organization who operate in a distance, and has no opportunity to use printed matters or other sources. That is why it has become an important area for process managers, who are in a strong position to exert influence in this aspect of people management. The popularity of Information Systems in process

Purpose of Article 234 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Purpose of Article 234 - Essay Example (3) Where any such question is raised in a case pending before a court or tribunal of a Member State, against whose decisions there is no judicial remedy under national law, that court or tribunal shall bring the matter before the Court of Justice. We can see that the European Court of Justice can only deliver preliminary rulings in certain circumstances and from a limited subset of organisations - namely courts and tribunals. Certain criteria must be fulfilled before a national court or tribunal can invoke Art 243. Closer examination of the provisions of the Art 234 leads us to ask the following questions: Article 249 makes it clear that a European Union Decision is 'binding in its entirety upon those to which it is addressed'. In this case the European Union Decision requires all member states to take necessary measures to ensure that pension schemes are equalised for male and female workers in order to eliminate any forms of discrimination based on gender. The Italian government has lead responsibility to make sure it is implemented. What is not clear on the facts before us is whether there is a question of Community law to be interpreted. The European Court of Justice will not hear any other matter. ... e the European Union Decision requires all member states to take necessary measures to ensure that pension schemes are equalised for male and female workers in order to eliminate any forms of discrimination based on gender. The Italian government has lead responsibility to make sure it is implemented. What is not clear on the facts before us is whether there is a question of Community law to be interpreted. The European Court of Justice will not hear any other matter. This is the only ground on which a national court or tribunal can request a preliminary ruling. If we refer back to Art 234(1) applicants must establish that they require a ruling which pertains to either the interpretation of the Treaty itself and or the interpretation and validity of an act by a European Community institution. With regard to Council statues, the statute itself must grant permission for preliminary hearings on the statue: Art 234(1) If there is no question of Community law to be interpreted then Maria will be denied her request for the Italian Medical Council to seek a preliminary ruling. The European Court of Justice has powers to neither interpret domestic law nor pass judgement on the compatibility of domestic law with European Community law: Van Gend en Loos (case 26/62). In Costa v ENEL (case 6/64) the European Court of Justice said: 'a decision should be given by the Court not upon the validity of an Italian law in relation to the Treaty, but only upon the interpretation of the above-mentioned [Treaty] Articles in the context of the points of law stated by the Giudice Conciliatore' The European Court of Justice also has no jurisdiction to rule on the application of Community law by national courts. Further it cannot invite national courts to refer matters to it: De

Process Managemant Facilitated the more Widespread Implementation of Essay

Process Managemant Facilitated the more Widespread Implementation of Information Systems within Business - Essay Example Today, process management more and more relies on a considerable extent on achieving success through the development of new IS. Process management facilitated implementation of IS within business to ensure that the processes generated by such developments is spread around the business as widely as possible to those who might put it to good use. The research paper is aimed to investigate the main driven theories, values and assumptions that are shaping a usage of IS in process management from 1990s to present, and examine the influence of process management on the degree of IS implementation within business. "Process management is the ensemble of activities of planning and monitoring the performance of a process, especially in the sense of business process, often confused with reengineering. Process Management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, techniques and systems to define, visualize, measure, control, report and improve processes with the goal to meet customers requirements profitably" (Wikipedia, 2005). Recent years process management implement Information Systems in order to improve quality of the processes and speed. With the changing economic environment, factors such as globalization of markets, international economic integration, removal of barriers to business and trade and increased competition have enhanced the need of high standards in process management. ... e in making or breaking the competitive positioning, and recent development in information technologies and software opens new opportunities for global organizations. Technology may be central to companies adopting a global strategy. "Information systems can be defined as" a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization. In addition to supporting decision making, coordination, and control, information systems may also help managers and workers analyze problems, visualize complex subjects, and create new products" (Boar, 1994). From process management perspective, an information system is an organizational and management solution, based on information technology, to a challenge posed by the environment. Examine this definition closely because it emphasizes the organizational and management nature of information systems: To understand information systems-to be information systems literate as opposed to computer literate-a manager must understand the broader organization, management, and information technology dimensions of systems and their power to provide solutions to challenges and problems in the business environment. With the development of technology and software in particular, IS allows to solve a wider range of problems and tasks by means of computers. In this case, process management software developed at the middle of 1990s helps to connect people in global organization who operate in a distance, and has no opportunity to use printed matters or other sources. That is why it has become an important area for process managers, who are in a strong position to exert influence in this aspect of people management. The popularity of Information Systems in process

Visual language Essay Example for Free

Visual language Essay One of the ways in which the poets bring out what the people are like through the language of the two poems is by using similes. In Two Scavengers the poet uses the simile like some gargoyle Quasimodo to symbolize that the bin man is unsightly. The simile the peasants came like swarms of flies and buzzed the name of God a hundred times in Night of the Scorpion suggests that the peasants are rushing to the attraction and are also religious, but annoying like buzzing flies. The poets also use metaphors like grey iron hair implying that the bin man is old and tired. Throwing giant scorpion shadows symbolizes the amount of mental power the scorpion holds, and as the poem is a prose-poem written by the point of view of a child watching as his mother is bitten by a scorpion, this statement emphasises how frightened the child must have been. The peasants are referred to as they showing that they are distant from the child. The poet of Two Scavengers uses no punctuation, so the different lengths of the sentences cause the pause effects. The poet of Night of the Scorpion uses personification by saying flame feeding on my mother. He uses repetition for they said hinting that the peasants say a lot of things but do nothing, he also applies repetition to more to emphasise the fact that more unnecessary and redundant peasants who will not help the predicament are coming, and uses repetition for May to perhaps show that the peasants are uncertain of what good can possibly come out of this terrible event. The Night of the Scorpion is written in free verse with different line lengths and no rhyme. The structure of Two Scavengers is also quite free as the poet uses a new line for a pause, instead of punctuation. In the structure of Two Scavengers in a Truck, Two Beautiful People in a Mercedes, there is a contrast within the title. This poem seems fragmented and broken up on the page and this might suggest the broken nature of society. The lines of this poem overlap so the elements of the characters lives overlap, but are separated from the two distinct worlds, therefore the poem resembles the reality. The last line of the poem which consists of three parts is segregated from the stanza above to show how distant democracy is from them. The word democracy is isolated from the poem , hence creating an emphasis on the word, and also highlighting the core issue throughout the poem. In Night of the Scorpion similarly to Two Scavengers the last sentence is separate from the rest of the poem as well. The reason for this could be because the mother is weak throughout the poem, but becomes strong at the end. In addition, it could be due to the fact that it is the only time the mother has spoken in the poem. The differences of the language in these two poems are that Two Scavengers utilises visual language to describe the characters appearances: this effect creates an image in the readers mind unlike Night of the Scorpion which describes the actions and speech of the characters instead.  In my opinion, Two Scavengers in a Truck is more appealing in view of the fact that it keeps the reader thinking, furthermore it forces the reader to question the world we live in and whether there is a thing such as democracy, and how we are supposed to be living in a modern world and modern culture in which everyone is equal, but is that really the reality? However, Night of the Scorpion has a major effect too, by presenting a tragic situation which represents the seriousness of the lack of health and medical care in poor countries. It is also an uplifting poem which shows a family never giving up hope. Similarly, both poems contain conflict: Two Scavengers is between two worlds and whether democracy exists at all, and Night of the Scorpion is a struggle between maintaining hope and faith and giving in to your fears and doubts.  Despite the impact of Night of the Scorpion if the reader was not from a third-world country, they would probably find Two Scavengers in a Truck more appealing as it discusses issues which are relevant and significant to them in their country and culture, moreover it debates about problems which would actually make a difference to them and affect them if they are supposedly living in a democracy. On the contrary, if the reader was from a poor country and had experienced or witnessed lack of medical care, they would most likely prefer Night of the Scorpion as it exposes issues which they would find relevant.

Stroke The Causes And Effects Health And Social Care Essay

Stroke The Causes And Effects Health And Social Care Essay In this assignment I discuss Paul who is a 65 year old male and has suffered a stroke. My aim is to explain what a stroke is, the causes and effects, and give you my understanding of how I as a Health Care Worker can help identify, meet and care for the clients needs following a stroke. For this assignment I will bring together the knowledge I have gained as a health care assistant student to date along with some research also. I have carried out my research using the internet, Irish heart foundation, stroke centre organisation, stroke.ie. My focus as a health care assistant is to explain what care my client should receive after his stroke, identify the assistance needed and give recommendations to meet his rehabilitation, to help him keep abilities and gain back lost abilities and also take care of his needs such as physical, emotional, social and intellectual needs. Introduction A stroke is caused by an interruption of the blood supply to part of the brain, the term stroke comes from the fact that it usually happens without any warning, striking the person from out of the blue (ihf.com) A stroke can happen to anyone, some people are at higher risk for different reasons such as age and family history. Other risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, being overweight, diabetes, and high cholesterol. 2 people per 1000 in the world have a stroke, people affected are mostly over the age of 60, and stroke is the 3rd leading cause of death over the age of 65yrs. (ihf.com) Paul is 65 years old and lives alone he was very active and in good health up until he suffered a stroke. Paul suffered an ischaemic stroke (a cerebral thrombosis) a cerebral thrombosis is the most common type of stroke. When Paul arrived at the hospital he was met by the stroke physician. He spent 2 days in intensive care and 4 days on the high dependency ward and is now is on a recovery ward. I the health care assistant along with the rehabilitation team in the hospital doctor, nurse, consultant, and physiotherapist etc will help assist in my clients recovery. Stroke Effects A stroke causes damage to the brain, the effects depend on the part of the brain that is affected, but every stroke is different. (stroke.ie) For some people the effects are mild and dont last long, other strokes can have severe or continued disability. The right side of the brain controls the left side of the body and vice versa. (stroke.ie) Any weakness or paralysis in the right arm can result from a stroke from the left side of the brain. The left side of the brain in the majority of people controls language, reading, talking, writing and understanding. On the right side perceptual skills (understanding what you see, hear, touch) and spatail skills (speed, position, and distance) are controlled. Paralysis happens because of damage to the area of the brain that sends messages to the limbs and balance can be affected also. Swallowing problems affect half of the people who have had a stroke, so food and liquids are harder to swallow. Communicating can affect the persons ability to use and understand language this is known as aphasia, two main communication problems are difficulty understanding the spoken word and trouble to express words. Vision can be lost on one side, if the person has weakness on the left side of the body it can be difficult to see on that side. Emotional changes ups and downs can be caused either by distress that comes from having a stroke, or changes that have happened in the brain. (stroke.ie) Changes in the brain cause mood swings, depression, anger, sadness and loss of confidence, so the patient may find it hard to control emotions and can laugh or cry for no reason. Needs Met Physical ~ some people find it difficult to keep up with leisure activities due to low mood, no motivation, a disability or low self-esteem following a stroke. While still in my care, i will help my client by keeping his abilities he has, and gain back the abilities he has lost with stroke, I will help my patient with any exercise he needs and help him become more independent. I will along with the physiotherapist will help my client get into good sitting and lying positions as this helps to prevent skin breakdown, support the weak side affected to help reduce changes in muscle tone due to inactivity, and at all times encourage my client to reach his personal goals. Hygiene ~ the care of a clients personal hygiene is very important for their health and wellbeing. I will ensure that the clients hygiene needs are met and will help my client with his daily hygiene by washing him at his bedside until he is able to get into the shower, also helping him with dressing, shaving and brushing his teeth. Nutrition ~ is very important in maintaining the clients health, and good nutrition is vital as it helps maintain body weight and keeps the cells working properly. My client Paul is left handed and is very weak on the right side so I will assist with his meals until he gains enough strength to feed himself. He has dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing), so I have pureed his food to make it easier for him to swallow. There are specialised utensils that will help my client when he gains the ability to feed himself. Emotional ~ following a stroke the person is left with a sense of loss and may feel anger, fear, worry, uncertainty and rejection. I will provide Paul with psychological comfort re assuring him that he is in safe and secure surroundings, and will show him patience, understanding, empathy and encouragement supporting him always in his recovery. Aftercare Care at Home Stroke rehabilitation is the process by which a stroke survivor works with a team of health care providers with the aim of regaining as much of the function lost after a stroke as possible. (sc.org) My client will join in a comprehensive rehabilitation programme in hospital and when he leaves, this will increase his chances of recovery and help him regain a large part of his functions lost as a result of stroke. Some of the professional team involved in this will be: Physical medicine rehabilitation physicians, physiatrists take both the physical impairments and medical conditions of their patients into account and work with other health practitioners to devise treatment plans. (stroke.org) Physical therapy will help my client restore function, improve mobility, relive pain and help limit permanent disabilities and also help with maintaining overall fitness and health. Occupational therapy will help Paul with any mental, physical or emotional problems by developing his ability to pe rform tasks in his daily living surroundings, and help him recover or keep daily living and work skills. Speech therapy is a very important part of life after a stroke as aphasia disturbs the process of language and understanding due to brain damage from a stroke my client can receive this to help him gain back this ability. My client has family are able to help, and will play a vital part in the care and wellbeing that Paul will need when he goes home. They can help him by supporting and encouraging him through the different stages of his recovery. The public health nurse is part of a community care team and will provide helpful advice on managing difficulties that can happen while caring for a person in their home. She will also assess my clients needs, so that she can supply him with appropriate support services, speech therapy, physiotherapist, social worker, and home help etc. Paul can also get advice on practical aids such as walking frames, suitable beds and any other mobilit y aids my client may need. Conclusion A stroke can be a devastating and distressing experience to happen to the individual and their families, stealing the person effected of their independence, confidence, abilities and health. Stroke recovery is usually a slow process and can often take months while the brain is healing. Recovery all depends on the person and long term effects can range from mild to severe. There is a wide range of specialists that care for a stroke patient from the medical, nursing, and therapy professionals. The multi-disciplinary team give care to the person in a range of settings, ICU, general ward, and home after care. Some people are affected mildly and may not take long to recover, but in others it can leave the person with severe disabilities, paralysis, communication problems, and loss of vision, physical and emotional changes. All of the people involved aim to help the person regain the highest level of function, although after a stroke the person may depend totally on others as they can be v ery ill. The care and needs will change as their conditions may get worse or better,

The Storm :: essays research papers

â€Å"The Storm† may be interpreted as a condemnation of societal constraints upon feminine sexuality. As Calixta â€Å"unfastened her white sacque at the throat† she was taking off chains of oppression of her sexuality. When Calixta â€Å"nervously began to gather up from the floor the lengths of a cotton sheet which she had been sewing† she is putting her duties away for pleasure and is finally going to fulfill her birthright for passionate sex. In â€Å"The Storm† Calixta is a shameless married woman who â€Å"lifted her pretty chin in the air and laughed aloud† after committing an adulteress act. Kate Chopin had a unique style of writing for her time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Calixta’s time, showing of the neck and chest was inappropriate and forbidden. So when â€Å"she unfastened her white sacque at the throat† she is expressing that she is a sexual being and is defying against restraints on feminine sexuality. Kate Chopin was a daring writer. In the time of the composition of the storm women were considered property and expected to accept their housewife duties. Women could not freely express their sexuality and Kate was out to change that.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As Calixta â€Å"nervously began to gather up from the floor the lengths of a cotton sheet which she had been sewing† she is rebelling against traditional 1890’s womanhood. Women were not permitted to feel sexual. By putting it away she was lowering the priority of her duties for sex. Sex was something she was unfamiliar to and not something married women did for pleasure. Calixta is going all out!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Alcee rides off, he smiles and Calixta â€Å"lifted her pretty chin in the air and laughed aloud.† This action was a proclamation of her freedom from sexual oppression. Calixta was prepared for sex and embraced it. She is not ashamed of her act and she fulfilled her birthright for passionate sex. Calixta is a loose woman?

The Magic Barrel :: Magic Barrel Essays

Who else from any Jewish - American authors can translate Yeddish for the American readers so colorfully and honestly?   Who else can represent the reality of Jewish life with love and light irony? This is Bernard Malamud, who was born in family of Russian - Jewish immigrants.   He found his characters in real Jewish community.   That is why the tone and style of   "The Magic Barrel" are so unmistakable and truthful.     Through two main characters author involves us in a specific business going on between Leo Finkle, a lonely rabbinical student, and Pinye Salzman, a matchmaker.   In order to get a good congregation Leo supposed to be married.   How a man, who was studying for six years and who never was in a company of woman, easily can find a wife?   The same way as his parents did.   He went to the matchmaker.  Ã‚   It was not so easy for Leo to appeal to Salzman, because he hoped to find the wife by himself.   He wanted to be in love before he gets married.   But he resorted to help.   It was a firs time when he turned his mind over. Pine Salzman, the marriage broker, represented the old generation, and respected the old Jewish tradition.   Marriage is a very important part of a Jew's life, and the family is more important than the girl herself is.   He does not think about love.   It is possible to imagine how Leo was disappointed when Salzmen introduced the girls to hi m.   "Sophie P. Widow. Father promises eight thousand dollars.   Has wonderful wholesale business.   Also realestate." "Lily H. Regular. Father is successful dentist thirty-five years.   Interested in professional man.   Wonderful opportunity." Moreover, "She is a partikiler. She wants the best." Leo's interest to Lily was aroused, and he began seriously to consider calling on her.   Finally they met.   She provoked him to say the strange, but a very capacious and valuable phrase: "I think, that I came to God not because I loved Him, but because I did not." But Lily didn't dream about him, she dreamed about an invented hero.   After this date he turned his mind over again. He felt that he could not love a girl.   Although Leo returned to his regular routine, he was in panic and depression from one thought: nobody loves him and he does not love anybody either.   There was no bride for him.

Conscription During World War One Essay

There were more deaths than there were volunteers and the soldiers should not have to die in vain; therefore, conscription was the right course of action for Canada during World War 1. In the beginning of World War 1, people were excited and more than willing to volunteer to fight as soldiers in the war but as the war progressed, people realized that the war was really extremely antagonizing and muderous. Once people stopped voluteering to be in the war, there were not enough people to replace the dead on the battlefield. In law of conscription had to be enforced. Without the introduction of conscription, Canada would have run out of men much quicker. With the lack of men on the battlefield, Canadian soldiers would not have been able to hold off the German attacks so they would have lost the war. Canada owes it’s victory to conscription. Some people say that conscription was taking away people’s free will, and for that reason, it was a mistake for Canada. If conscription was not introduced, than all the hard work, effort and money that the soldiers put into the war would have gone to waste. Canada sent over 500 000 soldiers to fight in the war and spent approximately $1 665 576 000 in food, supplies, weapons and equipment. It would be dishonourable toward the soldiers if they had died for nothing. Concription was the right course of action for Canada due to the fact that there were more deaths than there were volunteers and the soldiers should not have to die in vain during World War 1.

How smart are sheep? Essay

How Smart Are Sheep by Barbara Drake is about the intelligence of sheep and the studies that have been conducted to prove that sheep can feel different emotions and recognize dogs and humans as their enemies. Evolution has re-wired the sheep brain to know to hate and stay away from humans and dogs. Brain activity research in sheep has shown that sheep see dogs and humans as more alike than comparing the human and the dog to themselves. Drake explains that â€Å"Of course, fro ma distance, if a human being gets down on all fours, there is little uncertainty and the sheep’s brain may start sending ‘possible other sheep’ signals until the sheep gets close enough to realize its mistake† (247). Research has also found that sheep have emotions. They have been known to feel and display moods of fear and happiness. For example: when sheep see an approaching human they will start to feel fearful or if an approaching human is carrying a bag of grains for them to eat then they will start to feel happy because they know that they are about to eat. Drake believes that people who believe that animals do not have feelings or emotions are just trying to find an excuse not to feel bad about the horrible things that we do to animals to be able to harvest their bodies for food. â€Å"If a creature has no feelings, it can feel no pain,† Drake explains is the common clichà © phrase that humans use to make themselves feel better about the harmful things we do to animals as a society (248). The feeling of happiness sheep feel when a human is bringing them food is not because of the human, but it is that the human is bringing them. Bummer lambs, which cannot be brought up by their mothers, are bottle-fed and are most commonly known to display happy emotions when their bottles are being brought to them. The bummer lambs start to become hostile and resentful when it’s human starts to wean it from its bottle. Drake has â€Å"seen weaned bummers use a resentful kind of body language that can only be called sulking† (248). This kind of behavior is the beginning of the behavior that has naturally been wired into their brains to dislike humans. Other research shows that sheep produce more excitable brainwaves when being shown a picture of horned sheep. If a sheep is shown a picture of a sheep upside down it will not recognize the sheep because, usually, sheep are only recognizable on all fours. Drake states, â€Å"In fact, a sheep on its back is liable to be in trouble† (249). Sheep have been categorized as stupid because of their  strong herding instincts. Entire herds of sheep have been known to walk off of cliffs just because their leader went off first. Sheep were tested below the intelligence level of horses and cattle when presented a bucket of feed that was covered in in a black cloth. It took the sheep more than several tries to figure out that the cloth has to be removed to retrieve the food. Another test showed that in single-trial learning, sheep knew how to recognize a plant they shouldn’t eat after only eating it once. Lambs also learn this by example from their mothers. Sheep also know to go into their pens at night and how to sort themselves into the ram and ewe sides of the pen. Drake encountered an eight-month old lamb that was lost and was trying to find its way home. Not sure where the lamb belonged, Drake sold the lamb to some people who lived on the other side of town. A few weeks later the lamb had gone missing. The lamb had panicked and jumped the fence because it had been left all alone in the pen by itself. â€Å"This time when the new owners returned the lamb to their farm, they made sure there were a couple of ewes waiting for them in the pen,† Drake explained, concerning the lamb that had escaped (251).

School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

School - Essay Example Teen Court is held in the court room at the Easton court house. Teen Court is similar to a normal court, but the judge, jury, and lawyers are all kids, 14-17 years old. When I went to Teen Court, some of my classmates were lawyers, and another was the Judge. I was given a chance to explain what happened at the party, and I was questioned by my lawyer and the opposing lawyer. When my case had been heard, I was sentenced by the jury. They sentenced me to serve on three Teen Court juries, and to do thirty-five hours of community service. To make things worse, my parents were out of out of town and my grandmother was staying with me. I was so upset over this I did not know what to do. I wanted to tell my parents when they called, but decided to wait so that I wouldn't ruin their trip. It was on my mind so much I couldn't sleep, and I felt terrible that I had let my parents down. I was also worried that I would not be able to play basketball at school. I love playing basketball; it's one of my favorite sports. Thinking about how I had done something stupid that might ruin my future dream of playing basketball at college was a real eye-opener for me. I have never driven while under the influence nor have I ridden with anyone when they were drinking and driving.