Arguments for and Against Juvenile Courts

Arguments for and Against Juvenile Courts Introduction In the United States we have two parallel systems that deal with individuals that commit crimes and or offenses against society. First we have the criminal justice system, a court which deals with adults who commit various crimes. Secondly, we have the juvenile justice system, a court designed especially for minors and is generally thought to help rehabilitate the offender. The salient difference between these two systems, as Mitcheal Ritter puts it, â€Å"is the use of distinct terminology to refer to their similar procedures. State and federal legislatures intended this terminological variation to avoid stigmatizing children as â€Å"criminals† and to dissociate the juvenile system from the criminal justice system† (Ritter 2010, 222). The major issue I intend to look at it is whether or not we should abolish the juvenile justice system. First, we will look at the position of keeping the current system, why it needs to stay in place, and why in the long r un it is the most beneficial to the juvenile. Second, we will examine the research of Barry Feld, one of the most influential advocates on why it needs to be abolished because of the lack of constitutional rights that a juvenile does not receive while being tried under the Juvenile justice system. Thirdly, I will be looking at each party’s positions and critiquing it to see it what the strong and weak points are. Finally, I will present my own opinion on whether to keep it, abolish it, or create a whole new system altogether. Presentation of Position A: Do Not Abolish the Juvenile System To try a juvenile in adult court is by no means the right decision. In this section we will look at evidence and arguments on why the juvenile justice system should not be abolished. Juveniles are different from adults and therefore should not be allowed to stand trial in the criminal justice system. Children are not well enough developed mentally, as compared to an adult, to be tried in the adult correctional system. This is why many people take the stance, â€Å"no way should we get rid of the juvenile justice system.† The â€Å"director of the state’s (Washington) Bureau of Juvenile Detention Services is seeking to keep 16- and 17-year-old offenders out of the state’s criminal justice system† (McNeil 2008). To lock up a child in an adult correction facility is by no means the right idea even if they are â€Å"separate† from the adults. If a juvenile commits an â€Å"adult crime† like robbery, theft or in most cases drug crimes, a quick fix is to incarcerate that individual in an adult prison to punish him and protect society. While this may work for adults, it is inappropriate for a youth. Advocates argue that we must keep the juvenile justice system because â€Å"many studies also have found that significantly harsher punishments are meted out to juveniles in adult court when compared with juveniles in juvenile court, parti cularly for serious or violent offenses† (Kurlycheck and Johnson 2010, 727). Sending a juvenile to adult court at such a young age can be problematic for the child, because the court wants to be strict with the child by showing them that their behavior will not be tolerated and because in adult court the child will miss out on educational and rehabilitative programs more readily available in juvenile detention facilities. Kurlycheck and Johnson argue that â€Å"Juvenile courts are characterized by disposition options that fundamentally differ from adult courts in their symbolic meaning, punitive and treatment alternatives, and punishment goals† (2010). In a study in Pennsylvania, Kurlycheck and Johnson compared a sample of juveniles tried in juvenile court with juveniles who were transferred to adult court and showed that the adult courts were harsher on the juvenile: â€Å"On average, their sentences were 80 percent more severe than for their young adult counterpartsà ¢â‚¬  (Kurlycheck and Johnson 2010, 729).

Gun Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Gun Control - Essay Example This essay will specifically address the reasons for allowing personal gun ownership and usage. The federal government should not restrict American people from carrying guns because guns do not kill people but people kill people. Hence, by restricting gun ownership we do not create a safer society since the safety of the society relies on our morals and not firearms. Additionally, according to the second Amendment to the U.S Constitution, it is a legitimate right for an American citizen to own a gun for security reasons and protection of his property (Endersby Web). In situations where the police are incapable of protecting the citizens like where thugs break into houses in the wee hours of the night, a personal gun would offer a reprieve. In fact, banning guns would not eliminate them from the society since most of the guns are illegal secret imports that are never registered. Hence, banning gun ownership will only accord criminal a chance to own illegal guns and deny law-abiding citizens weapons to protect themselves from the criminals. Moreover, shooting is a sport recogniz ed by the federal government and relies on gun ownership. Hence, banning ownership of guns would deprive the sportsmen of their leisure, kill the sport and the economic benefits attached to it. Actually, a country can effectively fight external aggression if most of its citizens have an ability to use guns. Banning personal gun ownership denies this ability. Indeed, the federal government recognizes the significance of a well-regulated militia in the second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Many countries rely on this militia to defend themselves. In probable cases of rape and other crimes, women will have no means to protect themselves when the rapists strike. Ideally, the possibility of a victim to possess a firearm prevents a crime. Socially, the banning of gun ownership will lead to black markets for guns and subsequent criminal revenue as people seek for

Certainty of Terms in Lease Contract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Certainty of Terms in Lease Contract - Essay Example A leasehold estate is made for a year or a fraction of a year or for many numbers of years or for weekly, quarterly, monthly or per annum basis. On 3 December 1868, the longest lease was created by an Irish lease thereby granting for a term of ten million years as regards to a plot for a sewerage tank. In Smallwood v Sheppards2, a privilege to occupy a cottage for three following bank holidays held to be a valid lease. In Cottage Holidays Associates v Customs and Excise Commissioners3, it was upheld that a right to occupy a resort cottage for seven days in each year for a period of 80 years as a valid lease4. Privileges and commitments under a lease contract will be established by the general law provision and by the terms contained in the lease contract, like payment of rent by a tenant, repair and renovate the leased property, to use only for the authorised usage, not to sublet or to assign, to make a charge or part with the possession of the land without prior consent from the lan dlord5. This research essay will make an earnest attempt to elaborate the main ingredients for the award of a valid lease and the possible outcomes of failing to observe with those ingredients with reference to relevant case law and academic commentary. â€Å"Requirement of a Valid Lease† For creating a lease contract, there should be a landlord who owns or legally possess the ownership of a land, a tenant who will have the privilege to exclusively possess the land for a definite or contracted period by paying a rent, where the landlord retains a reversionary interest. There should be two parties one –the landlord and the other, the tenant. The landlord cannot give a lease of land to himself as held in Rye v Rye6. In Ingram v Inland Revenue Commissioners7, it was held that a nominee cannot award a lease to his principal. However, s72 (4) of LPA 1925 offers some statutory exception to this8. The subject matter should be a land in a leasing contract as per s205 (1) (ix) of LPA 1925, which includes any land, building on land and rights over such land, which is known as ‘incorporeal hereditaments.’ The landlord must divest himself of everything which he possesses in his leasehold estate. In Milmo V Carreras9, a tenant had sublet a flat to a party which ran beyond the head lease period. It was viewed by the Court of Appeal that tenant had transferred to the sublease the whole of the period available under the head lease and as such, he had not retained any reversion over it. â€Å"Certainty of Terms† The duration or term of a lease contract should be certain.

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Fighting is not always the right way to go, and you should pick and choose your battles because, you are not going to win every fight, and there is always going to be someone bigger and better than you, but Malcolm X proved that sometimes it is ok fighting for what you believe is right. He fought for what he believed in, and that was full freedom and equal rights for African Americans. Malcolm X went from humiliation to admiration for fighting for what he believed was right to him. Malcolm X sacrificed his life for the most worthy cause of the 20th Century because he fought for equal rights African Americans, he was a big part of the Civil Rights Movement, and he was Black Panther leader. Malcolm Little, better known as Malcolm X, was born on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. Malcolm X was an intelligent and a very absorbed student in school. Malcolm X graduated top of his class. Later on, when X got in high school, a favorite teacher told Malcolm his aspiration of becoming a lawyer was "no realistic goal for a nigger," Malcolm lost interest in school. He dropped out. During the 20th...

American International Group, or AIG

Ann-Katrin Kohnle Organizational Behavior AIG American International Group, or AIG, started out as a company that represented American insurance companies in Shanghai. The company moved on to become a reinsurance company in the United States that would hekp insurance companies disperse their liabilites and therefore aid those companies to grow faster. In 1968, Maurice Greenberg took over as CEO and AIG grew and expanded into countries around the world. Today, AIG does not only provide reinsurance services anymore but also financial services.Maurice Greenberg was born in 1925, is a war veteran and graduated from New York law school. He had a very autocratic approach to leading AIG. His goal was to expand AIG and many political key figures asked him for advice. Because he gave advice to influential people and lobbied effectively, he was often given the benefit of the odubt when questionable practices within AIG became known. In the early 2000s there were several investigations into AIG aimed at clarifying questionable insurance practices and schemes used ot boost AIG’s revenue.As a result, Greenberg was asked to step down as the CEO in 2005 and he is currently the CEO of C. V. Starr & Co Inc. Greenberg was succeeded by Martin Sullivan, Robert Willumstad, and Edward Liddy, who is the current CEO of AIG. Leading up to the bailout of AIG in 2008, the company was involved in riskier and riskier transactions. AIG used credit default swaps that allowed other companies to transfer their risk to AIG in case their securities defaulted. However, AIG did not have enough money to actually pay all these companies once the recession hit.As a result, the federal government agreed to bail out AIG to save it from sure bankruptcy. Not all of AIG was to blame for its downfall, however. One department of the company, AIG Financial Products, dealt with hedge funds and very risky transactions that earned AIG billions of dollars but that also brought down the whole company in th e end. Even though it seems as though employees of AIG knew about the potential threat the Financial Products section posed to the entire company, nothing was ever done to impose stricter regulations on the department.On the contrary, big money and benefit incentives were given to the employees who brought in the most money. However, the transactions that brought in the most money most often also were the transactions that were the riskiest resulting in a very high risk portfolio. After the bubble exploded because AIG could not pay the institutions they had promised money to, the government bailed them out mainly because if AIG would have gone down, many other national and international companies that depended on AIG to do well would have failed as well.Until today, Greenberg who was CEO of the company the longest, maintains his innocence and states that he always acted in the best interest of the company and no unethical behavior was going on. The big question, however, is if the b ailout was necessary or justified. Should a company that has gambled away individuals’ and businesses’ money be rewarded for failing or should they have taken the fall and endured the consequences?

Leader, Leadership, And Management - 1430 Words

Leader is a word denoted to people in authority, but are all people in authority truly leaders? This is a common question raised by people around the world. There are different opinions on the subject regarding â€Å"leadership† and â€Å"management†. These two words are expressed and understood differently. Some treat both terms equally using the words irrespectively of the other. There are those who believe there are fundamental differences, but believe an individual may be successful as both leader and manager in a particular role. Others approach these designations as opposites and argue you cannot be a good manager while being a great leader. Ultimately, organizations need leaders to provide vision and managers to make those visions a reality. Let us begin by defining the word leader. Based on a dictionary definition, â€Å"leader† is â€Å"1. A person or thing that leads, 2. It is a guiding or directing head, as of an army, a movement, or a politic al group†. Furthermore, definitions of â€Å"leadership† include â€Å"1. The position or function of a leader, a person who guides or directs a group, 2. Ability to lead, 3. An act or instance of leading; guiding; directing.† Additionally, words synonymous with leadership include command, initiative, and influence. Many definitions delineate the word leadership, but ideally, great leaders influence their peers and followers to become better at who they are, and what they do. In addition, because of the example leaders set, followers willShow MoreRelatedGood Leadership And Management Leaders1424 Words   |  6 PagesSuccess in organizations requires capable leadership and management leaders. Every company, organization, and foundation has a specific goal to reach. The best way to achieve this goal is to have a good leadership and capable management leaders. 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Leadership and Management are two complementary systems of action, which both are necessary for an organization to thrive, but they are not the same. Although you would think that in order to successfully manage, one must first be a leader, many managers do not possess the qualities and skills needed to be a leader. Leadership is defined as the process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of othersRead MoreUnderstanding Leaders And Managers : Leadership And Management1615 Words   |  7 PagesUnderstanding Leaders and Managers In today’s business world employees, industries, and consumers look toward company leaders like Steve Jobs (Former Apple CEO), Anne Mulcahy (Former Xerox CEO), Jeff Bezos (Amazon CEO), Elon Musk (Former PayPal CEO), and Eric Schmidt (Goggle CEO) to understand the dynamic roles of leadership and management. These two allusive terms have inspired a great deal of conversation, articles, and books full of material about their true meanings. These two words have alsoRead MoreOrganization Management And Leadership : An Effective Leader2204 Words   |  9 PagesTrexler DNSC 6247 - Organization Management and Leadership November 2, 2014 â€Æ' Introduction Even though it may be argued good leaders are born, it is evident that learning is a continuous process which is required in becoming an effective leader. This implies effective leaders are products of a continuous process of self-study, experience, education, and training. An effective leader is not the one who takes the leadership position to be referred to as a leader but rather one who is able to inspireRead MoreLeadership And Management : How Good Leadership Can Be A Better Leader?2103 Words   |  9 PagesLeaders come from many different backgrounds, have different approaches, and have different styles than other leaders. Every person has something that makes them unique. Over the semester, we have learned about many different aspects of leadership and management. Putting it all together now I can analyze the three leaders and managers that I interviewed and determine their differences and similarities to what my textbooks have taught me. Leadership is often thought of as a trait that cannot beRead MoreAtT Project Management Center of Excellence Communications Leader Promotes Project Management Leadership3470 Words   |  14 PagesUNIVERSITY ANTIPOLO CAMPUS A BUSINESS CASE STUDY ATT PROJECT MANAGEMENT CENTER OF EXCELLENCE Communications Leader Promotes Project Management Leadership Submitted to: Dr, Marmelo V. Abante - CCS Dept. Head / Project Management Professor - Submitted by: Brioso, John Oliver P. - Student - ATT PROJECT MANAGEMENT CENTER OF EXCELLENCE Communications Leader Promotes Project Management Leadership INTRODUCTION As a world leader in communication technology, ATT connects people from all aroundRead MoreAtT Project Management Center of Excellence Communications Leader Promotes Project Management Leadership3459 Words   |  14 PagesANTIPOLO CAMPUS A BUSINESS CASE STUDY ATT PROJECT MANAGEMENT CENTER OF EXCELLENCE Communications Leader Promotes Project Management Leadership Submitted to: Dr, Marmelo V. Abante - CCS Dept. Head / Project Management Professor - Submitted by: Brioso, John Oliver P. - Student - ATT PROJECT MANAGEMENT CENTER OF EXCELLENCE Communications Leader Promotes Project Management Leadership INTRODUCTION As a world leader in communication technology, ATT connects people from allRead MoreDescribe the Importance of Quality Leadership and the Difference Between Leadership and Management Within a Health and Social Care Environment, and Explain the Ethical Value Framework Leaders of Services Should Adhere to3762 Words   |  16 PagesMANAGEMENTETHICS, LEADERSHIP AND INTERPROFESSIONAL WORKING IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CAREHS4501-40Describe The Importance Of Quality Leadership And The Difference Between Leadership And Management Within A Health And Social Care Environment, And Explain The Ethical Value Framework Leaders Of Services Should Adhere To STUDENT ID: 213599 06/05/2011 WORD COUNT 3,606 | | Describe The Importance Of Quality Leadership And TheRead MoreLeadership And Management : Similarities And Differences1363 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership and Management Similarities and Differences Introduction In this essay the intention is to define the similarities and difference between the functions of Leaders and Managers where their roles influence the functions within the Government sector. Leaders and Managers can be defined as â€Å"one possessing a natural ability to influence individuals and or groups† as opposed to one who is guided in â€Å"a set of processes that keep an organisation functioning where one is a non-inherent trait

The Mysterious Stranger Satirical Essay - 808 Words

An encounter with Satan can be looked at in many different perspectives, and have many different reactions. When three young boys in the city of Eseldorf come across Satan, they particularly enjoy his presence, and his fantastical powers. In Mark Twain’s The Mysterious Stranger, the satirical elements portrayed are Dramatic Irony, Absurdity, and Fantasy, to mock the ignorance and insignificance of the human race; and not only that, but also to draw the attention of humans and help make most of their flaws clear. Speaking of insignificance and dramatic irony, â€Å"Knowledge was not good for the common people, and could make them discontented with the lot which God had appointed them, and God would not endure discontentment with His†¦show more content†¦As shown, the insignificance and ignorance of the human race can be portrayed through many different aspects and points of view, three of which are Dramatic Irony, Absurdity, and Fantasy. Take note how elegantly it wa s portrayed through those three satirical elements, and how accurately it was represented. In Mark Twain’s The Mysterious Stranger, the satirical elements portrayed are Dramatic Irony, Absurdity, and Fantasy, to mock the ignorance and insignificance of the human race. This book should serve as a guide, or as a tool to help humans not only learn their flaws, but also recognize them and accept them. Once that step has been taken, the next step would be to apply what is learned, and work on those flaws, and make sure they are not repeated. This book serves as a good example of how flaws of the human race can be embarrassingly shown in famous American literature, or any literature for that matter. Take a step back, recognize these flaws, exterminate them, and change for theShow MoreRelatedSamuel Longhorn Clemens, Mark Twain875 Words   |  4 Pagesliterature by finding his voice through his individuality and consequently encouraging other writers to follow suit. To begin, Twain was a large supporter of a progressive movement long before the Progressive Era. A large sum of Twain’s books were satirical and attacked the feudalist society of the south and the racism still happening in his time twenty years after the civil war. â€Å"... [Twain] was very progressive. He contributed to the college expenses of two of three black students† (Greenblatt). TwainRead MoreGreat Expectations: Conflicts Faced Analysis of English Society1535 Words   |  7 PagesGreat Expectations Essay Essay Task: Read Great Expectations by Charles Dickens and write an essay in which you describe the conflicts faced by Pip and the author’s attitude toward English society. Hailed by many as his greatest novel, Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations is a self-narrated story which tells the life of an orphan named Pip, raised by his abusive sister, who leaves behind a childhood of misery and poverty to embark on a journey to become a gentleman after an unnamed benefactorRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesprimary data on the movement but to analyze and re-analyze the growing body of scholarly and popular literature on the movement, including sociological and anthropological studies, biographies, monographs, dissertations, published and unpublished essays, and periodical articles. Archival sources, such as newspaper reports, policy statements, pamphlets, and organization manuals have also provided useful information. Chapter 1 reviews and reï ¬ nes Webers theory of charisma and routinization, using